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Early draft — incomplete or rough
Discourse Super Series · part 3 of 4
How speakers signal certainty, evidence, hedging, emphasis, scalar degree, evaluation, and emotional attitude — epistemic and affective stance merged into one practical system.
Chapters
1
Certainty Spectrum
Degrees of certainty in Russian: от конечно до вряд ли — the full epistemic scale. Early draft — incomplete or rough
2 Inference and Evidentiality
Inference and evidential markers in Russian: видимо, похоже, говорят, мол, насколько я знаю. Early draft — incomplete or rough
3 Hedging and Softening
Hedging in Russian: кажется, вроде, как будто, пожалуй, примерно, politeness softeners. Early draft — incomplete or rough
4 Strengthening, Emphasis, and Restriction
Strengthening particles in Russian: именно, как раз, даже, только, лишь, всё-таки. Early draft — incomplete or rough
5 Scalarity and Degree
Scalar markers in Russian: по крайней мере, более того, чем…тем, настолько…что, хоть. Early draft — incomplete or rough
6 Evaluative Stance
Evaluative stance markers: к счастью, к сожалению, главное, неудивительно, естественно. Early draft — incomplete or rough
7 Emotional Stance
Emotional stance in Russian: surprise, disbelief, frustration, regret, relief, resignation. Early draft — incomplete or rough